Desgaste profesional o burnout en los residentes de Cirugía General. Encuesta de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos / Burnout in General Surgery Residents. Survey From the Spanish Association of Surgeons

INTRODUCCIÓN: El desgaste profesional o burnout afecta significativamente a los médicos y, concretamente, a los cirujanos. El exceso de horas de trabajo, así como la discriminación, abuso y acoso sexual, pueden contribuir al desgaste profesional. Recientemente se ha publicado un estudio sobre este tema en residentes de Estados Unidos que demuestra una elevada incidencia de burnout. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer cuál es la situación en España y compararla con lo que sucede en aquel país. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal, efectuado en enero-febrero del 2020, a través de una encuesta validada remitida a todos los residentes de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo (CGAD) de España. RESULTADOS: De los 931 residentes de CGAD, 739 accedieron a la encuesta y 452 (61,2%) la cumplimentaron. En alguna ocasión durante la residencia, el 55,1% de los residentes se han sentido discriminados por su género, el 8,8% por su país de origen, el 73,9% afirman haber experimentado abuso verbal/psicológico, el 7,1% abuso físico y el 16,4% acoso sexual. Los cirujanos adjuntos son la causa más frecuente de acoso sexual, abuso físico y verbal. Los pacientes son el origen más común de la discriminación por género. El 47,6% ha tenido síntomas de desgaste profesional y el 4,6% ha presentado ideas suicidas. El 98% ha excedido su jornada laboral y el 47% no libra las guardias. Estos dos últimos puntos son factores predictivos de desgaste profesional. CONCLUSIONES: Durante el periodo de residencia en nuestro país, los residentes de CGAD han sufrido episodios de maltrato en forma de discriminación, abuso y acoso. Todos los tipos de maltrato son más frecuentes en España que en Estados Unidos, excepto la discriminación racial. Con ello se asocia el incumplimiento significativo en las horas de trabajo semanal. Es necesario reconocer estas anomalías y evitarlas para favorecer un ambiente adecuado para la formación profesional especializada en CGAD

INTRODUCTION: Physicians, especially surgeons, are significatively affected by burnout. Duty-hour violation, as well as discrimination, abuse and sexual harassment may contribute to burnout. A study about this topic has been published in residents from United States, demonstrating a high incidence of burnout. Our objective is to know which is the situation in Spain and to compare it with United States. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study carried out in January-February 2020, based on the responses to a validated survey administered to General Surgery residents in Spain. RESULTS: There are 931 General Surgery Residents. 739 have entered in the survey and 452 (61.2%) eventually responded to it. In any occasion during the training period, 55.1% reported discrimination based on their gender, 8.8% reported racial discrimination, 73.9% reported verbal/psychological abuse, 7.1% reported physical abuse and 16.4% reported sexual harassment. Attending surgeons are the most frequent source of sexual harassment and physical and verbal abuse, whereas patients are the most frequent cause of gender discrimination. Burnout symptoms were reported by 47.6% of residents and 4.6% reported suicidal thoughts. 98% of residents reported duty-hour violations and 47% of them do not have the day off after to be on call. Both of these issues are burnout predictive factors. CONCLUSIONS: Mistreatment (discrimination, abuse and harassment) occurs among General Surgery residents during their training period in our country. Every kind of mistreatment is more frequent in Spain than in the United States, with the exception of racial discrimination. It is associated with exceeding weekly duty-hour. It is necessary to know these problems and to avoid them in order to improve work environment of General Surgery training period

Burnout in General Surgery Residents. Survey From the Spanish Association of Surgeons. / Desgaste profesional o burnout en los residentes de Cirugía General. Encuesta de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos.

INTRODUCTION: Physicians, especially surgeons, are significatively affected by burnout. Duty-hour violation, as well as discrimination, abuse and sexual harassment may contribute to burnout. A study about this topic has been published in residents from United States, demonstrating a high incidence of burnout. Our objective is to know which is the situation in Spain and to compare it with United States. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study carried out in January-February 2020, based on the responses to a validated survey administered to General Surgery residents in Spain. RESULTS: There are 931 General Surgery Residents. 739 have entered in the survey and 452 (61.2%) eventually responded to it. In any occasion during the training period, 55.1% reported discrimination based on their gender, 8.8% reported racial discrimination, 73.9% reported verbal/psychological abuse, 7.1% reported physical abuse and 16.4% reported sexual harassment. Attending surgeons are the most frequent source of sexual harassment and physical and verbal abuse, whereas patients are the most frequent cause of gender discrimination. Burnout symptoms were reported by 47.6% of residents and 4.6% reported suicidal thoughts. 98% of residents reported duty-hour violations and 47% of them do not have the day off after to be on call. Both of these issues are burnout predictive factors. CONCLUSIONS: Mistreatment (discrimination, abuse and harassment) occurs among General Surgery residents during their training period in our country. Every kind of mistreatment is more frequent in Spain than in the United States, with the exception of racial discrimination. It is associated with exceeding weekly duty-hour. It is necessary to know these problems and to avoid them in order to improve work environment of General Surgery training period.

Utilización de Tissucol(R) en pacientes mastectomizadas en un hospital de tercer nivel. Estudio retrospectivo / Utilisation of Tissucol in mastectomised patients in a third level hospital. A retrospective study

Objetivo: Evidenciar si la utilización de un adhesivo de fibrina (Tissucol(R)) es un tratamiento coadyuvante efectivo para evitar los seromas posmastectomías, reduciendo la morbilidad y los costes sanitarios durante el ingreso hospitalario (menor estancia hospitalaria), además de evaluar su seguridad y la presencia de complicaciones durante su utilización. Pacientes y método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo desde enero de 2016 a febrero de 2017. Al grupo de Tissucol se le administró el adhesivo de fibrina intraoperatoriamente en las pacientes en las que se realizaron mastectomías sin reconstrucción inmediata durante dicho período de tiempo. Resultados: Del total de 308 pacientes operadas, 53 fueron nuestro objeto de estudio por ser mastectomías sin reconstrucción, en las cuales se utilizó el adhesivo de fibrina en un 33,9% de las mismas. Su utilización se asoció a menor número de drenajes instaurados (16,6% de las pacientes precisaron 2, 3 o 4 drenajes, frente a un 11,8%; p<0,02), así como a una disminución de días de mantenimiento de los mismos (6,62+5,32 frente a 2,93+3,94; p=0,017) y de estancia hospitalaria (6+4,3 frente a 3,1+1,4 días; p=0,014), además de un menor índice de seroma (<50-200cc) con un 64,7% frente a 23,1%; p<0,02. No se encontraron reacciones alérgicas ni ningún evento adverso relacionado con su utilización. Conclusiones: La utilización del adhesivo de fibrina es un procedimiento que puede realizarse de forma segura. El estudio de los factores determinó que se asoció a menor índice de seroma, menor cantidad de drenajes instaurados, así como menos días de mantenimiento de los mismos. Además se asocia a una menor estancia hospitalaria, con lo que se concluye una disminución de la morbilidad postoperatoria con la consecuente optimización de recursos sanitarios y ahorro de costes

Objective: To de effective adjunct therapy to avoid postmastectomy seromas, reducing morbidity and costs during hospitalisation (shorter hospitalisation time), and to assess its safety and the presence of medical complications during its use. Patients and method: A retrospective cohort study with two cohorts of patients treated with or without Tissucol was conducted from January 2016 to February 2017. Patients who underwent mastectomy without immediate reconstruction during the study period were included. Patients in the Tissucol group were administered the fibrin adhesive intraoperatively. Results: Of 308 surgical patients, 53 underwent non-reconstruction mastectomies and were included in the study; among these, fibrin adhesive was used in 33.9%. Its use was associated with lower drainage use (16.6% of patients required 2, 3 or 4 drains vs 11.8%%; P<.02), as well as fewer maintenance days (6.62+5.32 compared with 2.93 +3.94; P=.017) and days of hospital stay (6+4.3 compared with 3.1+1.4 days; P=.014). Fibrin adhesive was also associated with a reduction in seromas (<50-200cc), with 64.7% compared with 23.1%; P<.02. There was no evidence of allergic reactions or adverse events after its use. Conclusion: The use of fibrin adhesive is safe and was associated with fewer seromas, lower use of drainage and fewer maintenance days. This procedure was also associated with shorter hospital stay, implying less postoperative morbilidity and subsequent optimisation of medical resources and cost savings